12 principles of animation

• 1 Squash and stretch- shows flexibility and realism of objects, as they deform upon contact
• 2 Anticipation- Prepares the audience for an action with another action that reveals what will happen
• 3 Staging- Guides the audience's attention to what the creator wants the audience to see
• 4 Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose- represent the two different approaches to animation: straight ahead means drawing one frame after another in chronological order, while pose to pose means drawing important frames first then drawing what is in between afterwards
• 5 Follow Through and Overlapping Action- represent a way to realistic way objects obey the law of physics, how momentum is conserved and different parts of an object can move at different rates
• 6 Slow In and Slow Out- Shows realism of object's movement, as the object accelerates, and the object is slower at the start and end of its motion than in the middle when it is moving the fastest
• 7 Arc- objects move in arcs because objects in real life objects move in arc trajectories
• 8 Secondary Action- other actions occur alongside the main action to make the main action more realistic
• 9 Timing- Timing refers to the speed of the object, or the number of frames it takes to draw a particular action
• 10 Exaggeration- shows a wider more extreme form of reality, to clash with the expectations of the audience
• 11 Solid drawing- shows objects in three dimensions with real volume and mass
• 12 Appeal- makes characters more lifelike and realistic so that viewers are attracted to them